Description

Influence of Time on Creep of Steels, presented before the annual convention of the American Society for Testing Materials from June 24 to June 28, 1935, in Detroit, Michigan. The investigation is reported as an authorized reprint from the copyrighted Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials. Conducted by A. E. White, C. L. Clark, and R. L. Wilson, the study details the results of extended-time creep tests at 1000 F on S.A.E. 1015 plain carbon steel and chromium-silicon-molybdenum steel. The research analyzes complete time-elongation curves, fracture behaviors, and metallographic, X-ray, and hardness examinations of fractured specimens to determine how structural and deformation characteristics are influenced by the time required for rupture. Findings indicate that creep rates and reported stresses are affected by the duration of the tests. The study highlights the importance of the time factor in determining creep strengths, suggesting that shorter 500-hour tests may be better indicators of long-term behavior than 1000-hour tests for these materials. The researchers emphasize that variations in creep strength depend on the steel type and stress level. Key conclusions include the observation that strain-hardening is more significant in short-time tension tests compared to creep specimens, and that different times at temperature may influence structural changes, such as grain size refinement and spheroidization. The paper, containing detailed data and graphical representations, is a significant contribution to understanding the behavior of steels under prolonged high-temperature stresses, relevant for materials selection in high-temperature applications. The investigation was financially supported by The Timken Steel and Tube Co., which also provided permission for publication.