Contents
Acknowledgments for the 4th edition
Acknowledgments for the previous editions
List of Figures
List of Tables
How to use this book
Introduction to the Fourth Edition
Chapter 1 Introduction to Language
1.1 Preliminaries
1.2 Approaches to language
Chapter 2 The Building Blocks of Language
2.1 The Sounds of Language
2.2 Morphology: Words and their Parts
2.3 The Way Sentences Are Put Together
2.4 Beyond the Sentence
Chapter 3 Communicating Meaning
3.1 The Meaning of Words
3.2 The Meaning of Sentences
3.3 Communicative Competence
3.4 Interactional Sociolinguistics
3.4 Face and politeness
3.5 Language and Thought
Chapter 4 Language Variation
4.1 Language and Dialect
4.2 Dialectology
4.3 The Notion of Standard English
4.4 Why Do Dialects Persist?
Chapter 5 Language and Social Groups
5.1 Beyond Dialects: Other Codes
5.2 Social Class
5.3 Identity and Style
5.4 Social Approaches
Chapter 6 Multilingualism
6.2 Languages of Wider Communication, Pidgins, and Creoles
6.3 Language Planning and Policy
Chapter 7 African American Language
7.1 What’s in a name?
7.2 Origins of AAL
7.3 A Grammatical Sketch of AAL
7.4 AAL and Education
Chapter 8 Language and Gender
8.1 Early Studies
8.2 Difference and Dominance
8.3 Current Approaches to Gender and Language
Chapter 9 First Language Acquisition
9.1 Three Theories
9.2 Early Learning
9.3 Learning Words
9.4 Learning Grammar
9.5 Adding Language
9.6 Bilingual Acquisition
9.7 Atypical Language Development
Chapter 10 Second Language Acquisition
10. 1 What do learners bring to a second language?
10.2 Individual differences and language learning
10.3 Processes of SLA
10.4 Does Instruction Make a Difference?
10.5 Recent developments
Chapter 11 History of English
11.1 The Development of English
11.2 English as a World Language
Chapter 12 A Synthesis of English Grammar
12.1 The Parts of Speech
12.2 Phrase-level Grammar
12.3 Sentence-level grammar
Glossary
Bibliography
Index